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DEFINATION: कसनात्कास उच्यते। The disease in which Pran Vayu comes out forcefully from the throat by making specific noise similar to broken vessel of Kansya which is known as ‘Kasa’.  SAMANYA NIDANA:    धूमोपघताद्रजसस्तथैव व्यायामरुक्षाननिवेवणाच । विमार्गगत्वादपि भोजनस्य वेगावरोधात् क्षवथोस्तथैव ॥                                                  ( सु.उ.त. 52/4 ) •Dhoomopaghata ( inhalation of smoke , dust from nose or mouth )  •Vyayam  •Ruksha anna sevana  •Vimarga gaman of food ( food particles entering the wrong passage )   •Vegavarodhata kshavatho ( suppression of sneezing reflex ) SAMPRAPTI:          Nidan sevana                    |         Vayu moves upward                   ...

BRONCHITIS: Cause :   1.  Infections    (a) Acute – Laryngitis, tracheitis,bronchitis,bronchiolitis,pneumonia. Whooping cough.  (b) Chronic –Pulmonary tuberculosis, chronic bronchitis, chronic laryngitis, bronchiectasis, lung abscess.  2.  Mechanical irritation  –  (a) Inhalation of dust (pneumoconiosis), irritant gases, chemical fumes or pungent smells. Tobacco smoking.  (b) Foreign body in larynx or bronchi. (c) Post-nasal drip in chronic sinusitis. (d) Gastro-oesophageal reflux.  (e) Compression of air passages –   (i) Extramural – Aortic aneurysm, pulmonary neoplasm, mediastinal masses, enlarged LA in mitral stenosis.  (ii) Intramural – Bronchogenic carcinoma or me INf. Spread from throat and nasal Whooping cough Chemically:gases ,ether , Dust, Allergic reactions Pollens Type :1.acute 2.chronic 1.Acute bronchitis: inf. Of mucous membranes Of trachea and bronchi. 2.chronic bronchitis:cough that oc...